Written by Ben Chuang

Introduction to Modal Fabric

When I first encountered the term "modal fabric," knowing nothing about what it is or how it's made, my first instinct was that it sounded synthetic. Something high-tech and advanced beyond your run-of-the-mill polyester, similar to rayon fabric.

As it turns out, that impression wasn't 100% correct, as modal is technically a semi-synthetic material derived from trees. Keep reading to explore what exactly is modal fabric, and how it compares to other fabrics for dress shirts.

Origins of Modal Fabric

The history of modal fabric dates back to the 1950s in Japan, where it was first developed by the company Lenzing AG.

The invention was part of a production process to create a more sustainable and higher-quality alternative to traditional rayon, which was already popular for its silk-like qualities as a shirt fabric.

Lenzing AG, a pioneer in fiber technology, used cellulose from beech trees to produce modal, leveraging the natural abundance and renewability of these trees.

This innovation marked a significant advancement in textile technology, combining natural fibers' benefits with synthetic processes' durability and versatility.

Over the decades, modal fabric gained popularity for its exceptional softness, breathability, and resilience. Its ability to retain shape and color and its eco-friendlier production process compared to other synthetic fibers made it a favored material for underwear and activewear.

By the 1990s and 2000s, modal was widely adopted by major brands for a variety of products including activewear and underwear, whereas cotton is more widely utilized for button-up shirts.

Today, it continues to be celebrated for its comfort and sustainability, reflecting its evolution from a niche innovation to a mainstream luxury fabric choice.

What is Modal Fabric Made Of

Modal fabric is made from the cellulose fibers of beech trees. The production process begins with the harvesting of beech wood, which is then chipped into small pieces. This beech tree pulp then undergoes a chemical process to extract the cellulose, which is the primary component used to produce modal fibers.

The cellulose is dissolved in an organic solution to create a viscous liquid, which is then forced through a spinneret to create fibers. These fibers are subsequently treated, washed, and spun into yarn, resulting in a fabric that boasts a smooth, silky texture.

The environmental impact of modal production is a point of consideration.

Although beech trees can be sustainably harvested and require less water compared to cotton, the chemical processing involved in transforming cellulose into modal fibers can be concerning.

Responsible manufacturers often implement practices to minimize environmental harm, such as using closed-loop processes that recycle chemicals and water.

The end product, modal fabric, is highly regarded for its breathability, durability, and ability to retain color and softness even after multiple washes, making it a versatile and appealing choice for various textile applications such as lounge pants.

Modal Fabric vs Cotton

When comparing modal fabric to cotton for clothing, several key differences and similarities emerge, each offering distinct advantages depending on the desired application. Modal fabric is renowned for its exceptional softness and smooth texture, often described as having a silky feel that drapes well on the body.

This makes it a popular choice for items that are worn close to the skin, such as undershirts, loungewear, and activewear t-shirts, especially because the fabric resists pilling. Modal also excels in moisture-wicking properties, efficiently drawing sweat away from the skin and providing a cooler, more comfortable experience, especially in hot weather.

Feature	Modal	Cotton
Origin	Semi-synthetic (from beech tree cellulose)	Natural (from cotton plant)
Texture	Exceptionally soft and silky	Soft and natural feel
Durability	Highly durable, resists shrinkage and fading	Durable, but can shrink and fade over time
Care	Requires gentle care to avoid shrinkage	Generally easier to care for, can handle higher temperatures
Longevity	Maintains shape and color well	Can lose shape and color with frequent washing

Cotton: A More Breathable Fabric

Cotton, on the other hand, is celebrated for its breathability and natural feel. It is highly absorbent and allows for excellent airflow, making it ideal for everyday wear and particularly comfortable in hot weather that calls for short-sleeved button-up shirts. A similar argument can be made when comparing cotton to polyester.

Cotton garments are versatile, ranging from casual t-shirts and jeans to dress shirts and sleepwear. They are also easier to care for, as cotton can generally withstand higher washing temperatures and more rigorous cleaning methods without losing its integrity.

However, cotton can shrink and lose shape over time if not properly cared for, and it tends to fade with repeated washing.

Comparing Durability

In terms of durability, modal holds an edge over cotton. Its fabric absorbs dye easily, helping to retain color even after washing, which can make it a longer-lasting investment despite its typically higher cost.

Additionally, modal’s ability to blend well with other fibers enhances its versatility in fashion design. While supima cotton remains a staple for its affordability, widespread availability, and natural appeal, modal offers a luxurious alternative with superior performance characteristics in terms of softness, moisture management, and longevity.

The choice between the two often comes down to personal preference, specific garment needs, and budget considerations.

Frequently Asked Questions about Modal Fabric

What is the downside of modal fabric?

The downside of modal fabric lies in its production process and environmental impact. While it is praised for its softness, breathability, and durability, modal is derived from beech tree pulp through a chemical-intensive process.

Additionally, modal can be more expensive than other fabrics due to its complex manufacturing process. Some users also report that it can shrink if not properly cared for, and its smooth texture can sometimes make it feel less natural compared to traditional cotton.

Is modal fabric better than cotton?

Whether modal fabric is better than cotton depends on the specific needs and preferences of the user. Modal is known for its exceptional softness, drape, and moisture-wicking properties, making it ideal for underwear fabric. Modal resists wrinkles, and is also more resistant to shrinking and fading compared to cotton.

However, cotton is more breathable and may feel more comfortable in hot climates. Cotton is also more widely available and tends to be less expensive, due to its completely organic form. Ultimately, the choice between modal and cotton will depend on the desired use.

Is modal the same as polyester?

Modal and polyester are not the same; they are distinct types of fabrics with different properties and origins. Modal is a semi-synthetic fabric made from the cellulose of beech trees, known for its softness and high moisture absorbency.

Polyester, on the other hand, is a fully synthetic fabric made from petroleum-based products, renowned for its durability, resistance to wrinkles, and quick-drying nature. While both fabrics are used in a variety of clothing and textiles, they offer different benefits and are suited to different applications based on their unique characteristics.

Is modal synthetic or natural?

Modal is considered a semi-synthetic fabric, similar to rayon fabrics. It is made from natural cellulose fibers derived from beech trees, but its production involves significant chemical processing to convert the raw material into usable fibers, which calls into question its status as a sustainable fabric.

This blend of natural origin and synthetic processing gives modal its unique properties, such as its softness, strength, and breathability. While it is not entirely natural like cotton or wool, it also does not fall into the same category as fully synthetic fabrics like polyester or nylon.